Fire extinguishers are essential life-saving devices for any business, designed to tackle fires at their early stages. Beyond their primary purpose, they have proven invaluable in unexpected ways. During the Christchurch earthquakes, for instance, companies used extinguishers to break glass windows, prop up furniture to free trapped individuals, and even climb out of buildings to safety. While these actions are not typically recommended due to the potential damage to the cylinders, they highlight the critical role fire extinguishers can play in emergencies.
This blog discusses common issues with fire extinguishers and outlines best practices to ensure they remain ready for use in an emergency.
Common Issues
Pressure Loss
After partial deployment, extinguishers can experience pressure loss. This is another reason why it’s crucial to have extinguishers checked and serviced by a professional after use.
Clogged Hoses
Partial deployment can leave extinguishing agents in the hose, acting as a plug and causing clogs over time. If an extinguisher is partially deployed, it should be inspected and cleaned by a service agent to ensure functionality.
Seals and Gaskets
Seals and gaskets can degrade over long periods of non-use, affecting the extinguisher's performance. Regular inspections can help identify and replace worn parts.
Rusty Bottoms
Fire extinguishers can develop rust at the bottom, leading to leaks and compromised integrity. To prevent this, mount extinguishers on walls to allow air circulation around the cylinder and reduce moisture exposure. Wall mounting also makes extinguishers easier to locate and less susceptible to damage.
Best Practices
Inspection
Conduct checks on fire extinguishers before starting work in fire-risk areas (e.g., during hot works). Monthly documented inspections are essential, along with annual professional servicing.
Storage
Proper storage is vital to minimize damage. Protect extinguisher shells from wet and metallic surfaces to prevent rust and avoid storing them in extreme temperatures to prevent pressure loss.
Safety Pins
Ensure safety pins are present and in place to prevent accidental discharge.
Partially Deployed Extinguishers
Replace or recharge partially deployed extinguishers before returning them to service. A service agent can ensure they are in good working order.
Usage
Only use a fire extinguisher if it is safe to do so. If in doubt, evacuate. Always work in pairs for safety and ensure the extinguisher is suitable for the type of fire you are dealing with. Using the wrong type can worsen the situation.
Emergency Use
In extreme emergencies, fire extinguishers may be used for non-standard purposes, such as breaking glass or propping up furniture. Be aware that this can damage the extinguisher or cause accidental discharge. If used this way, have the extinguisher checked for damage afterward.
Using the Extinguisher
Remember the PASS technique:
P - Pull the Pin: Pull the pin to break the seal. Test the extinguisher to ensure it works and to gauge the range of the stream.
A - Aim: Stand at a safe distance and aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
S - Squeeze: Squeeze the handles to discharge the extinguishing agent.
S - Sweep: Sweep the nozzle from side to side at the base of the flames and check for hotspots that could reignite the fire.
Additional Tips for New Zealand Context
Compliance: Ensure adherence to the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015.
Training: Regular health and safety training sessions are crucial.
Pre-Work Assessments: Conduct safety assessments and toolbox talks to discuss potential hazards and control measures.
Emergency Procedures: Ensure all workers are familiar with emergency procedures and first-aid measures.
By following these guidelines and best practices, businesses can ensure their fire extinguishers are maintained and ready to use, providing a safer working environment for everyone.